Case 6Instrumental
Instrumental
S kim?— With whom?Čim?— With what? / By means of what?
Used for
- ›Expressing means or instrument — 'with what' something is done
- ›Expressing company or accompaniment — 'with whom' something happens
- ›Corresponds to English 'with', 'by means of', or 'by' (e.g. by car)
Common prepositions
sa / s— with (a person or thing)između— betweenpred— in front ofza— behind / for (position)nad— above / overpod— under / below
Without a preposition the instrumental expresses the means/tool. With 'sa/s' it expresses company.
Examples
Idem sa prijateljem.
I am going with a friend.
Pišem olovkom.
I am writing with a pencil.
Putujem autom.
I am travelling by car.
Noun endings
| Gender | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Masculine | -om / -em | -ima |
| Feminine | -om | -ama |
| Neuter | -om | -ima |